Економічний календар

The Index of Consumer Expectations focuses on three areas: how consumers view prospects for their own financial situation, how they view prospects for the general economy over the near term, and their view of prospects for the economy over the long term. Each monthly survey contains approximately 50 core questions, each of which tracks a different aspect of consumer attitudes and expectations. The samples for the Surveys of Consumers are statistically designed to be representative of all American households, excluding those in Alaska and Hawaii. Each month, a minimum of 500 interviews are conducted by telephone.

Building Permits refer to the approvals given by a local jurisdictions before the construction of a new or existing building can legally occur. Not all areas of the United States require a permit for construction.

Building Permits refer to the approvals given by a local jurisdictions before the construction of a new or existing building can legally occur. Not all areas of the United States require a permit for construction.

Housing Starts refer to the number of new residential construction projects that have begun during any particular month. Estimates of housing starts include units in structures being totally rebuilt on an existing foundation.

Housing Starts refer to the number of new residential construction projects that have begun during any particular month. Estimates of housing starts include units in structures being totally rebuilt on an existing foundation.

Spain runs systemic trade deficits due to high imports of fuel and high added value goods. Spain’s main exporting sectors are chemicals, capital goods, food, beverages & tobacco, vehicles, and non-chemical semi-manufactures. The largest export partners are the European Union (63 percent of total exports), in particular France (15 percent) and Germany (10 percent), the rest of Europe (11 percent), in particular the United Kingdom (6 percent), the United States (5 percent), Morocco (3 percent) and China (2 percent). The largest shares by sector of Spain’s imports are those of energy products, capital goods, chemicals, food, beverages and tobacco, and consumer manufactured goods. Spain's major import partner is the EU (45 percent of total imports), in particular Germany and France (9 percent each), followed by China (11 percent), the US (7 percent), the UK (3 percent), and Turkey, Brazil and Morocco (2 percent each).

Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

In Japan, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes prices of fresh food.

In Japan, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Food (26 percent of total weight) and Housing (21 percent). Transportation and communications account for 15 percent; Culture and recreation for 9 percent; Fuel, light and water charges for 7 percent; Miscellaneous goods and services for 6 percent; and Medical care for 5 percent. Furniture and household utensils, Clothes and footwear, and Education account for the remaining 10 percent of total weight.

The Net Long-Term TIC Flows track the flow of Treasury and agency securities, corporate bonds and equities, into and out of the United States.

Business Inventories in the United States measure the monthly percentage changes in inventories from manufacturers, retailers, and wholesalers. Inventories are a key component of gross domestic product.

NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI) is based on a monthly survey of home builders. They are asked to rate current sales of single-family homes and sales expectations for the next six months and to rate traffic of prospective buyers. Scores for responses to each component are used to calculate a seasonally adjusted overall index, where a number over 50 indicates more builders view sales conditions as good than poor.

Control-group retail sales in the US exclude sales of food services, auto dealers, building materials, and gasoline stations. These figures are a key input for the government's calculation of goods spending in gross domestic product (GDP).

Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index is based on The Business Outlook Survey of manufacturers in the Third Federal Reserve District. Participants report the direction of change in overall business activity and in the various measures of activity at their plants: employment, working hours, new and unfilled orders, shipments, inventories, delivery times, prices paid, and prices received. The index above 0 indicates factory-sector growth, below 0 contraction.

Retail Sales Ex Autos report in the US provides aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services excluding the automobile sector over a period of a month.

In the United States, Export Prices correspond to the rate of change in the prices of goods and services sold by residents of that country to foreign buyers. Export Prices are heavily affected by exchange rates.

In the United States, Import Prices correspond to the rate of change in the prices of goods and services purchased by residents of that country from, and supplied by, foreign sellers. Import Prices are heavily affected by exchange rates.

Retail sales report in the US provides aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a period of a month. There are thirteen major types of retailers: Nonstore retailers (20% of total sales), Motor vehicle & parts dealers (18%), Food services & drinking places (13%), Food & beverage stores (12%), General merchandise stores (10%), Gasoline stations (7%), Building material & garden dealers (6%), Health & personal care stores (5%), Clothing & clothing accessories stores (4%), Miscellaneous store retailers (2%), Furniture stores (2%), Electronics & appliance stores (1%), and Sporting goods, hobby, book & music stores (1%).

Initial jobless claims refer to the number of people who have filed for unemployment benefits with their state's unemployment agency for the first time during a specific reporting period, typically on a weekly basis. .

Switzerland has been running consistent trade surpluses. The biggest trade surpluses are recorded with the US, India, the UK, China, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore; and the largest deficits were recorded with the UAE, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Thailand.

In the United Kingdom, wage growth refers to changes in average weekly earnings, before tax and other deductions and including bonuses.

In the United Kingdom, the headline unemployment rate is the number of unemployed people (aged 16+) divided by the economically active population (aged 16+).

In the United Kingdom, employment change refers to the 3-month moving average compared to the previous period in the number of people in employment aged 16 and over.

In Australia, full time employment change refers to the change in the number of employed persons who usually work 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and those who, although usually working fewer than 35 hours a week, work 35 hours or more during the reference week.

In Australia, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

In Australia, employment change refers to the absolute change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment.

Exports of high technology products have been the engine of Japan's economic growth since 1960. Exports account for around 19 percent of total GDP. Main exports were: transport equipment (24 percent of total exports), with motor vehicles accounting for 16 percent; machinery (20 percent) on the back of power generating machine and semicon machinery; electrical machinery (17 percent), such as semiconductors, IC and electrical apparatus; chemicals (11 percent), mainly plastic materials and organic chemicals; and manufactured goods (11 percent), such as iron and steel products, nonferrous metals and manufactures of metals. Japan's main export partners were the US (20 percent), China (19 percent), the EU (12 percent) in particular Germany (3 percent), South Korea (7 percent), Taiwan (6 percent), Hong Kong (5 percent), and Thailand (4 percent).

Japan’s trade balance has fluctuated in recent years partly because of disruptions to production and other problems related to the coronavirus pandemic. In 2022, the country recorded persistent monthly trade deficits as imports surged more than exports. On one hand, the weak yen has helped to drive exports to record highs but on the other, it had made the cost of imported products especially food and energy commodities very expensive. The biggest trade deficits were reported with Australia, China, and Middle East countries while the biggest trade surpluses were recorded with the United States, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore.

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

Stocks of gasoline refers to the weekly change of the gasoline supply situation.

Stocks of crude oil refer to the weekly change of the crude oil supply situation.

In the United States, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 78 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: Chemicals (12 percent of total production); food, drink and tobacco (11 percent); machinery (6 percent); fabricated metal products (6 percent); computer and electronic products (6 percent); and motor vehicles and parts (6 percent). Mining and quarrying account for 11 percent of production and utilities account for the remaining 11 percent.

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

In the United States, the core Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output excluding volatile items such food and energy.

In the United States, the Producer Price Inflation MoM for final demand measures month-over-month changes in the price for commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export. It is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods (33 percent of the total weight), which includes food and energy; final demand trade services (20 percent); final demand transportation and warehousing services (4 percent); final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing (41 percent); final demand construction (2 percent); and overall final demand.

MBA 30-Year Mortgage Rate is average 30-year fixed mortgage lending rate measured during the reported week and backed by the Mortgage Bankers Association.

The Euro Area is one of the world’s biggest players in global trade. The bloc runs regular trade surpluses primarily due to the high export of manufactured goods such as machinery and vehicles. However, it is a net importer of energy and raw materials. Germany by far contributes the most to surplus followed by Netherlands, Ireland, and Italy. On the other hand, the deficits are constantly recorded in France and Spain. Still, in 2022, the block run the biggest trade deficit on record as the energy imports surged after the war in Ukraine forced the members to reduce energy imports from Russia and destabilized the energy markets. .

Italy consistently records trade surpluses, although soaring energy costs in 2022 inflated the price of purchases and drove the Italian economy to import more than it exports during a short period. Italy’s main exports include base metals, chemicals, transportation equipment, and pharmaceutical goods, while the main imports are machinery and energy. The largest exporting partners are France, Germany, and the United States, while the main importing partners are Germany, France, China, and OPEC nations.

In Indonesia the interest rate decisions are taken by The Central Bank of Republic of Indonesia. In April of 2016, policymakers announced the replacement of the official discount interest rate with new 7-day reverse repurchase rate in August 2016. This is the rate at which central banks lend or discount eligible paper for deposit money banks, typically shown on an end-of-period basis.

In the United Kingdom, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes some volatile price items.

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

In United Kingdom, the most important categories in the Consumer Price Index are: Transport (14%), Housing & Utilities (14%), and Recreation & Culture (13%). Food & Non-alcoholic Beverages account for 12%, Restaurants & Hotels for 11%, Miscellaneous Goods & Services for 9%¸ Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Maintenance of the House for 8%, and Clothing & Footwear for 6%. Others include: Alcoholic Drinks, Tobacco & Narcotics (5%), Education (3%), Communication (3%) and Health (2%).

Stocks of crude oil refer to the weekly change of the crude oil supply situation.

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

In the United States, the Consumer Price Index or CPI measures changes in the prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services.

In the United States, the Consumer Price Index or CPI measures changes in the prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services.

In the United States, unadjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers is based on the prices of a market basket of: Food (14% of total weight); Energy (8%); Commodities Less Food & Energy Commodities (21%) and Services Less Energy Services (57%). The last category is divided by: Shelter (32%), Medical Care Services (7%) and Transportation Services (6%).

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

In the United States, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes volatile food and fuel costs.

New York Empire State Manufacturing Index is based on data compiled from the survey of 200 executives from the companies in the manufacturing sector in the New York State. Participants report the change in 11 indicators including level of general business activity, new orders, shipments, inventories, number of employees, delivery time, capital expenditure from the previous month and the likely direction of these indicators in six months. A reading above 0 indicates manufacturing activity is expanding, below 0 is contracting.

In Canada, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes eight of the most volatile components identified by the Bank of Canada including: fruit, fruit preparations and nuts; vegetables and vegetable preparations; mortgage interest cost; natural gas; fuel oil and other fuels; gasoline; inter-city transportation; and tobacco products and smokers' supplies. It also excludes the effect of changes in indirect taxes.

In Canada, the most important categories in the CPI basket are Shelter (30 percent of the total weight) and Transportation (17 percent). Food accounts for 16 percent; Household Operations, Furnishings and Equipment for 15 percent; Recreation, Education and Reading for 9 percent; Health and Personal Care for 5 percent; Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Products for 5 percent and Clothing and Footwear for the remaining 4 percent. The CPI basket is reviewed every four years on the basis of household surveys. The current weights are based on spending patterns in 2002.

In Canada, a housing start is defined as the beginning of construction work on the building where the dwelling unit will be located. This can be described in 2 ways: usually, the stage when the concrete has been poured for the whole of the footing around the structure; or an equivalent stage where a basement will not be part of the structure.

In the Euro Area, the ZEW Economic Sentiment Index measures the level of optimism that analysts have about the expected economic developments over the next 6 months. The survey covers up to 350 financial and economic analysts. The index is constructed as the difference between the percentage share of analysts that are optimistic and the percentage of analysts that are pessimistic about the development of the economy. Therefore, the ZEW indicator measures the confidence on a scale of -100 (all analysts expect the economy to deteriorate) up to 100 (all analysts expect it to improve). A 0 value indicates neutrality.

In Germany, the ZEW Economic Sentiment Index measures the level of optimism that analysts have about the expected economic developments over the next 6 months. The survey covers up to 350 financial and economic analysts. The index is constructed as the difference between the percentage share of analysts that are optimistic and the percentage of analysts that are pessimistic about the development of the economy. Therefore, the ZEW indicator measures the confidence on a scale of -100 (all analysts expect the economy to deteriorate) up to 100 (all analysts expect it to improve). A 0 value indicates neutrality.

In Euro Area, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

India has been recording sustained trade deficits since 1980 mainly due to the strong imports growth, particularly of mineral fuels, oils and waxes and bituminous substances and pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and jewelry. In recent years, the biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Indonesia. India records trade surpluses with the US, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, United Kingdom and Vietnam.

Since the 1970’s Indonesia has been recording consistent trade surpluses due to robust exports growth. However, from 2012 to 2014 the country started recording trade deficits, as exports shrank due to slowdown in the global economy and fall in commodity prices. In 2015, trade balance swang again to surplus due to almost 20 percent fall in imports. In recent years, the biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Thailand, Japan, Germany and South Korea. Indonesia records trade surpluses mainly with India, United States, and Malaysia..

In China, the growth rate in GDP measures the change in the seasonally adjusted value of the goods and services produced by the Chinese economy during the quarter. As China’s traditional growth engines of manufacturing and construction are slowing down, services have emerged as the new driver. In the last few quarters strength in services and consumption helped to offset weaker manufacturing and exports..

In China, Gross Domestic Product is divided by three sectors: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The Primary Industry includes Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fishery and accounts for around 9 percent of GDP. The Secondary sector, which includes Industry (40 percent of GDP) and Construction (9 percent of GDP) is the most important. The Tertiary sector accounts for the remaining 44 percent of total output and consist of Wholesale and Retail Trades; Transport, Storage, and Post; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate; Hotel and Catering Services and Others.

In China, urban investment in fixed assets is one of the main measures of capital spending. It refers to investment in construction projects with a total planned investment of 5 million yuan; machinery and equipment and real estate development in both urban and rural areas. It refers to investment made by state-owned enterprises and private businesses, institutions or individuals.

In China, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

In China, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

In China, Housing Index is measured by year-over-year change in the index of newly built residential buildings in 70 medium and large cities. The index is calculated in weighted average method and the weight of each city is based on the population.

The Consumer Sentiment Index is based on a survey of over 1,200 Australian households. The Index is an average of five component indexes which reflect consumers' evaluations of their household financial situation over the past year and the coming year, anticipated economic conditions over the coming year and the next five years, and buying conditions for major household items. The index scores above 100 indicate that optimists outweigh pessimists.

The Consumer Sentiment Index is based on a survey of over 1,200 Australian households. The Index is an average of five component indexes which reflect consumers' evaluations of their household financial situation over the past year and the coming year, anticipated economic conditions over the coming year and the next five years, and buying conditions for major household items. The index scores above 100 indicate that optimists outweigh pessimists.

The BRC-KPMG Retail Sales Monitor measures changes in the actual value of retail sales from a sample of retailers. The Monitor measures the value of spending and hence does not adjust for price changes. If prices are rising, sales volumes will increase by less than sales values. In times of price deflation, sales volumes will increase by more than sales values. Retailers report the value of their sales and sales in the equivalent week a year ago. These figures are reported both in total and on a ‘like-for-like’ basis. The percentage increase in the value of sales on a ‘like-for-like’ basis removes the effect of the expansion of retail floor space by the retailers concerned on their sales total. Due to the sample being biased towards large retailers, the ‘like-for-like’ increase usually provides a more accurate guide to general spending patterns, though it will be biased downwards as an estimate of the growth rate for retail as a whole.

In Brazil, interest rate decisions are taken by The Central Bank of Brazil's Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM). The official interest rate is the Special System of Clearance and Custody rate (SELIC) which is the overnight lending rate.

In India, the most important category in the consumer price index is Food and beverages (45.86 percent of total weight), of which Cereals and products (9.67 percent), Milk and products (6.61 percent), Vegetables (6.04 percent), Prepared meals, snacks, sweets, etc. (5.55 percent), Meat and fish (3.61 percent), and Oils and fats (3.56 percent). Miscellaneous accounts for 28.32 percent, of which Transport and communication (8.59 percent), health (5.89 percent), and education (4.46 percent). Housing accounts for 10.07 percent; Fuel and light for 6.84 percent; Clothing and footwear for 6.53 percent; and Pan, tobacco and intoxicants for 2.38 percent. Consumer price changes in India can be very volatile due to dependence on energy imports, the uncertain impact of monsoon rains on its large farm sector, difficulties transporting food items to market because of its poor roads and infrastructure and high fiscal deficit. In 2013, the consumer price index replaced the wholesale price index (WPI) as a main measure of inflation.

In China, new yuan loans refer to financial institutions Renminbi credit funds balance sheet. They represent more than four-fifths of all loans.

In Japan, Machinery Orders YoY measure the year-over-year change in private sector machinery orders, excluding highly volatile categories such as shipbuilding and orders from electric power companies. This indicator is considered a key gauge of capital spending and business investment intentions in the coming months.

In Japan, Machinery Orders measure the month-over-month change in private sector machinery orders, excluding highly volatile categories such as shipbuilding and orders from electric power companies. This indicator is considered a key gauge of capital spending and business investment intentions in the coming months.

Since 1995, China has been recording consistent trade surpluses. In 2022, the trade surplus surged 31% to USD 876.91 billion, the highest since records started in 1950, with exports rising 7% and imports up 1%.

In 2019 imports to China fell 2.7 percent, the first yearly decline in three years, on weak domestic demand and persistent trade tensions with the US. Machinery and transport equipment accounted for 38 percent of total imports on the back of electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (21 percent), road vehicles (4 percent), telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment (3 percent), and office machines and automatic data processing machines (3 percent). Other important categories were: mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (17 percent) led by petroleum, petroleum products and related materials (13 percent) and gas, natural and manufactured (3 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (14 percent), such as metalliferous ores and metal scrap (9 percent); chemicals and related products (11 percent) due to organic chemicals (3 percent) and plastics in primary forms (3 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (7 percent); manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (7 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The biggest source of imports was the EU (13 percent of imports) of which Germany (5 percent) and France (2 percent), followed by South Korea, Taiwan, Japan (8 percent each), the US and Australia (6 percent each), Brazil (4 percent), Malaysia, Vietnam, Russia and Saudi Arabia (3 percent each), and Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia (2 percent each).

Export growth has been a major component supporting China's rapid economic expansion. In 2019 China's exports increased 0.5 percent, slowing sharply from a 10 percent rise in 2018, with sales to the US falling sharply amid ongoing trade tensions. Machinery and transport equipment accounted for 48 percent of total exports, in particular electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (14 percent), telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment (12 percent), office machines and automatic data processing machines (8 percent), and general industrial machinery and equipment, and machine parts (5 percent). Other major export categories were: miscellaneous manufactured articles (23 percent) on the back of furniture and parts thereof (3 percent); manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (16 percent) such as textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles (5 percent), manufactures of metals (4 percent) and iron and steel (2 percent); chemicals and related products (6 percent); and food and live animals (3 percent). The EU and US were the largest destinations of China's shipments, accounting for 17 percent of exports each, followed by Hong Kong (11 percent), Japan (6 percent), South Korea (4 percent), Vietnam (4 percent), Germany (3 percent), India (3 percent) and the Netherlands (3 percent). The UK, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Russia, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines accounted for 2 percent each.

Federal Government budget balance is the difference between budget receipts (income) and budget outlays (spending). A budget surplus is expressed as a positive value. A budget deficit is expressed as a negative value.

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

In Russia, the most important categories in the Consumer Price Index are: Food & Non-alcoholic Beverages (30% of the total weight) and Transport (14%). Clothing & Footwear accounts for 11%, Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, & Other Fuels for 11%, Recreation & Culture for 6%, Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco for 6% and Household Appliances for 6%. Health, Communication, Education, Restaurants & Hotels and Miscellaneous Goods & Services account for 16% of the total weight.

In Brazil, the Industrial Entrepreneur Confidence Index (ICEI) measures the current situation of businesses and their future prospects. The survey covers about 2,500 companies in the construction, mining, and manufacturing industries. The questionnaire is made by phone and focuses on: production trends in recent months, order books, export order books, stocks and production expectations. The indicator varies on a scale of 0 to 100 where 50 indicates neutrality, 0 indicates extreme lack of confidence and 100 extreme confidence.

In Canada, full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.

In Canada, employment change refers to the change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment.

In Canada, part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.

The labour force participation rates is the number of persons who are employed and unemployed but looking for a job divided by the total working-age population.

In Canada, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

In Switzerland, the consumer confidence survey is conducted every year, in the months of January, April, July and October. Around 1000 households are questioned for State Secretariat for Economic Affairs regarding their subjective evaluation of the economic situation, financial situation of the household in question, inflation, job security etc. Generally consumer confidence is high when the unemployment rate is low and GDP growth is high. Measures of average consumer confidence can be useful indicators of how much consumers are likely to spend.

GDP measures the value of goods and services produced in the UK. The reading refers to a three-month growth rate, which is a better indicator of the underlying growth in GDP as the monthly figure is likely to be more volatile. In this sense, the monthly release can be thought of as a monthly update on three months’ worth of data on the economy, rather than a figure representing the economy in just one month. Rolling three-month data is calculated by comparing growth in a three-month period with growth in the previous three-month period, for example growth in March to May compared with the previous December to February.

The index of wholesale prices measures the development of prices of goods sold by wholesalers within Germany to the extent that such sales are included under wholesale, such as contracts concluded with resellers, processors or other bulk purchasers. This may refer to goods produced in Germany or to imported goods. Excluded are sales from producers direct to retailers or final consumers.

The index of wholesale prices measures the development of prices of goods sold by wholesalers within Germany to the extent that such sales are included under wholesale, such as contracts concluded with resellers, processors or other bulk purchasers. This may refer to goods produced in Germany or to imported goods. Excluded are sales from producers direct to retailers or final consumers.

Manufacturing production measures the output of businesses operating in the manufacturing sector. It is the most important sector in the UK and accounts for 70 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: Food, drink and tobacco (11 percent of total production); transport equipment (9 percent); basic metals (8 percent); other manufacturing and repair (6 percent); pharmaceutical products and preparations (6 percent); and rubber and plastic products and non-metallic mineral products (6 percent).

In the United Kingdom, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 70 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: Food, drink and tobacco (11 percent of total production); transport equipment (9 percent); basic metals (8 percent); other manufacturing and repair (6 percent); pharmaceutical products and preparations (6 percent); and rubber and plastic products and non-metallic mineral products (6 percent). Mining and quarrying account for 12 percent of production, as oil and gas extraction accounts for 10 percent. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning account for 11 percent of total output and water supply, sewerage and waste management account for 8 percent.

In the UK, goods trade balance is equal to goods exports less goods imports.

GDP measures the value of goods and services produced in the UK. The reading refers to a month-over-month growth rate.

The Business NZ Performance of Manufacturing Index (PMI) is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for production, new orders, delivered, inventories and employment. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change.

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

Initial jobless claims refer to the number of people who have filed for unemployment benefits with their state's unemployment agency for the first time during a specific reporting period, typically on a weekly basis. .